appeal court essays

appeal court essays Most legal disputes involving state law are initially decided in the trial courts or by an administrative agency. But after such a decision, an individual may turn to the states appeal courts if he or she believes a legal error occurred that harmed the case. In fact, thousands of cases are appealed every year.(1) They include criminal convictions as well as civil cases involving personal injury, contracts, employment, real estate, probate, divorce, child custody and many other issues. Whenever an appellate court reverses a trial court decision, it almost always allows that court to rehear the case using the correct law and procedures. In the vast majority of cases, the decision of a Court of Appeal is final. The state Supreme Court does not review the vast majority of cases it steps in to resolve new or disputed questions of law as well, as to review death penalty cases. Death penalty cases proceed directly to the Supreme Court, bypassing the lower Court of Appeal. The appellate courts of California consist of the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeal. The judges who serve on these courts are called appellate justices. There are seven justices on the Supreme Court and 93 justices on the Courts of Appeal. The Courts of Appeal are divided into six geographical districts and hear cases arising within the district. Proceedings in appellate courts are very different from those in trial courts. In trial courts a judge or jury hears the testimony of witnesses and reviews physical evidence, exhibits and documents before deciding a case. Appellate courts do not decide an appeal by taking new evidence or reassessing the credibility of the witnesses who testified in the trial court. Instead, they review the written record to determine if the trial court properly interpreted the law and used the correct procedures when considering the case. The opposing parties submit written documents, called briefs, to assert their position....

Apply The Budget Surplus To Science Essays - Fiscal Policy

Apply The Budget Surplus To Science Essays - Fiscal Policy Apply The Budget Surplus To Science For years, everyone has opined on what to do with the budget surplus: fund new educational programs, cut taxes, and so on. Science needs the money. In some technologies, we are beginning to fall behind other countries. We must not allow this to happen. Everyone reaps the benefits of science; increasing funding for research programs would only enhance these benefits. Where would the United States be today without science? Science is a big part of our economy, but today most research and development occur in the private sector. Why has the government cut spending? Because they know that the private sector will do the work. Money motivates the private sector to perform research; when profitability wanes in a certain area, research by the private sector also declines. Kenneth Brown asserts that private firms often focus on their own product rather than work on a broader understanding of science. Should Uncle Sam allow such a deficiency in research? Increased government spending in science would produce a greater breadth and depth of knowledge. You may ask yourself: why is this important? As the world leader in virtually everything, it is imperative for the US to lead the world in science also. Not only for defense reasons, but also to keep pace with other countries so no country can monopolize a scientific breakthrough. Would we want Japan or Russia to come up with a cure for AIDS and have to purchase the knowledge from them? The US needs to lead the world in science; to maintain this position we must apply the budget surplus to federal science research programs.

TD 3 HRM - 404 How much (time, cost, scope) is enough or can you take Essay

TD 3 HRM - 404 How much (time, cost, scope) is enough or can you take 9 women and make a baby in one month - Essay Example 2003). Complexity of this time is due to a complex nature of software projects (Walker et al. 2006). Another justification for the law is the fact that additional staff increases communication expenses and thus delay in result. Most projects require a team that will ensure coordination of all its aspects from start to the end. Project management will, for this reason, require proper integration of people to ensure success of people (Lunce, 2003). Integration of many people into a project affect the outcome by geometrically increasing communication expenses and by reducing the number of experienced personnel need for the actual project development. A geometrical increase in communication overhead will reduce development productivity and the amount of time available for the development of the project (Walker et al. 2006). Experienced personnel also are reduced since they take their time to train new personnel. These new tasks burden the already overloaded workers. Giving these tasks also comes with a need for added coordination and re-planning and more time lost in interchanging development and training. The whole project development is likely to over-react if the adjustments triggers the schedule pressure (Walkewr et al. 2006). The worst case can be an increase in the estimated project duration. Integration of many people, for this reason, hinders the faster realization of the intended results. Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager; a web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54, 2,